Macamana cara nak jual atau beli rumah?
Ramai yang bertanya kepada saya tentang cara nak jual atau beli rumah. Bukan senang nak jawab soalan yang terlalu general macam ni. Sebabnya banyak maklumat yang saya tak tahu di sini.
Siapa yang nak jual? Adakah dia memang berhak dan layak menjual? Penjual tu tuan punya rumah tu ke atau waris tuan punya rumah sebab tuan punya rumah dah mati. Rumah tu ada satu nama ke ada nama bersama. Kalau ada dua nama (seperti suami & isteri, atau adik beradik, atau anak beranak) dan kesemua mereka 'sebulu' tak apa, tapi kalau tak sehaluan atau suami & isteri dah bercerai atau nak bercerai... panjang ceritanya. Bahkan saya ada pengalaman adanya percubaan tipu-menipu dalam kes-kes sebegini.
Siapa pula yang nak beli? Kadang-kadang, orang lain beli, orang lain yang tumpang letak nama sebab pembeli asal tak boleh lulus loan sebab blacklist dll. Ini pun satu isu.
Rumah yang nak dibeli pulak, kenalah bagi maklumat tentang staus freehold, atau leasehold, perlu consent, atau tak perlu, masih digadai pada bank, atau dah habis hutang, dah ada strata atau individual title atau masih berada dalam master title. Kalau separate title dah ada, dah tukar nama owner atau masih nama pemaju/tuan tanah asal. Semua maklumat ini perlu diberitahu kepada peguam, barulah peguam boleh menghuraikan prosedur jual beli rumah yang tepat.
Perlu juga diberitahu sama ada kedua-dua belah pihak penjual & pembeli ada melantik peguam masing-masing atau penjual tidak diwakili oleh peguam tetapi penjual hanya memberi kebenaran kepada peguam pembeli bagi beberapa urusan di pihak penjual seperti mendapatkan kebenaran pindahmilik, melepaskan gadaian, dan sebagai peguam stakeholder. Perlu difahami di sini, seorang peguam tak boleh jadi peguam untuk kedua-dua pihak pembeli & penjual sekali gus. Cumanya peguam pembeli boleh jugak jadi peguam bank untuk urusan pinjaman sebab urusan jual beli dan urusan pinjaman adalah dua urusan berlainan (sebab tu ada dua bil yang berbeza), tetapi jadi peguam untuk kedua-dua pihak pembeli & penjual adalah tidak boleh sebab ia dikira satu urusan iaitu urusan jual beli.
Perlu juga diberitahu sama ada pembeli nak bayar tunai, atau nak buat pinjaman. Kalau pinjaman, buat pinjaman bank atau pinjaman kerajaan.
Soalan-soalan di atas (mungkin ada banyak lagi yang saya tertinggal), perlu dijawab terlebih dahulu sebelum anda bertanya kepada peguam tentang prosedur nak beli atau nak jual rumah. Kalau persoalan di atas tak boleh dijawab dengan baik, peguam pun tak boleh nak terangkan dengan baik, sebab lain kes, lain prosedur.
Untuk senang, bawalah apa sahaja dokumen yang ada, barulah jumpa peguam anda. Berdasarkan dokumen yang ada barulah peguam boleh faham status owner, status buyer, & status property.
Walau bagaimanapun, sebagai guideline asas, saya lampirkan di sini prosedur jual/beli rumah sebagaimana yang dinyatakan oleh Majlis Peguam.
Siapa yang nak jual? Adakah dia memang berhak dan layak menjual? Penjual tu tuan punya rumah tu ke atau waris tuan punya rumah sebab tuan punya rumah dah mati. Rumah tu ada satu nama ke ada nama bersama. Kalau ada dua nama (seperti suami & isteri, atau adik beradik, atau anak beranak) dan kesemua mereka 'sebulu' tak apa, tapi kalau tak sehaluan atau suami & isteri dah bercerai atau nak bercerai... panjang ceritanya. Bahkan saya ada pengalaman adanya percubaan tipu-menipu dalam kes-kes sebegini.
Siapa pula yang nak beli? Kadang-kadang, orang lain beli, orang lain yang tumpang letak nama sebab pembeli asal tak boleh lulus loan sebab blacklist dll. Ini pun satu isu.
Rumah yang nak dibeli pulak, kenalah bagi maklumat tentang staus freehold, atau leasehold, perlu consent, atau tak perlu, masih digadai pada bank, atau dah habis hutang, dah ada strata atau individual title atau masih berada dalam master title. Kalau separate title dah ada, dah tukar nama owner atau masih nama pemaju/tuan tanah asal. Semua maklumat ini perlu diberitahu kepada peguam, barulah peguam boleh menghuraikan prosedur jual beli rumah yang tepat.
Perlu juga diberitahu sama ada kedua-dua belah pihak penjual & pembeli ada melantik peguam masing-masing atau penjual tidak diwakili oleh peguam tetapi penjual hanya memberi kebenaran kepada peguam pembeli bagi beberapa urusan di pihak penjual seperti mendapatkan kebenaran pindahmilik, melepaskan gadaian, dan sebagai peguam stakeholder. Perlu difahami di sini, seorang peguam tak boleh jadi peguam untuk kedua-dua pihak pembeli & penjual sekali gus. Cumanya peguam pembeli boleh jugak jadi peguam bank untuk urusan pinjaman sebab urusan jual beli dan urusan pinjaman adalah dua urusan berlainan (sebab tu ada dua bil yang berbeza), tetapi jadi peguam untuk kedua-dua pihak pembeli & penjual adalah tidak boleh sebab ia dikira satu urusan iaitu urusan jual beli.
Perlu juga diberitahu sama ada pembeli nak bayar tunai, atau nak buat pinjaman. Kalau pinjaman, buat pinjaman bank atau pinjaman kerajaan.
Soalan-soalan di atas (mungkin ada banyak lagi yang saya tertinggal), perlu dijawab terlebih dahulu sebelum anda bertanya kepada peguam tentang prosedur nak beli atau nak jual rumah. Kalau persoalan di atas tak boleh dijawab dengan baik, peguam pun tak boleh nak terangkan dengan baik, sebab lain kes, lain prosedur.
Untuk senang, bawalah apa sahaja dokumen yang ada, barulah jumpa peguam anda. Berdasarkan dokumen yang ada barulah peguam boleh faham status owner, status buyer, & status property.
Walau bagaimanapun, sebagai guideline asas, saya lampirkan di sini prosedur jual/beli rumah sebagaimana yang dinyatakan oleh Majlis Peguam.
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1. Information which a buyer should obtain when buying a house
1. Does it have a separate title?
2. Take a photocopy of the title.
3. Get a photocopy of :-
(a) current quit rent receipt;
(b) current assessment receipt.
4. Make sure you deal with owner of house or his duly authorised agent. (such authority should be in writing). Any other person will not be able to make any binding commitment to you.
5.1. If the house/apartment does not have any title, then get evidence of the seller's ownership i.e. a copy of the Sale & Purchase Agreement (SPA) made by the seller with the developer when he purchased the house/apartment
5.2. If the seller is a Second/ Third hand owner, then he would have to give you:-
(a) 1st SPA made by 1st owner with developer;
(b) 2nd SPA made between 1st owner and seller, (if 2nd hand); and
(c) 3rd SPA between 2nd owner and 3rd owner seller, (if 3rd hand).
as proof that the seller is the owner of the house/apartment.
6. Did the seller take a loan to buy the property?
For most cases, the answer is "yes". In such a case, you should get the seller to provide you with the bank's statement of how much he still owes the bank (redemption statement). With the redemption statement, you would know how much money you can release to the seller and how much is to be paid to his bank to obtain a discharge of the property from the bank.
2. Information relevant to apartment
1) Maintenance and other charges that need to be paid to developer/management committee. You should check that seller is up to date with his payments and there are no arrears due to developer/management committee.
2) If the apartment has no strata title, the purchaser must notify the Developer of the assignment after the completion of the sale.
3. Housing Schemes that are developed by Statutory bodies e.g. Penang Development Corporation (PDC), Perda, PKNS, etc
1) The SPA of such schemes may have restriction on the buyer selling the property i.e. it could not be sold within a stipulated period or without the consent of the government.
2) The title to the property may have restrictions. (the restrictions could be read from the title or search of the title) e.g. property cannot be transferred or charged without State consent.
3) The consent application may take a few months to be approved.
4. Documents you need to sign
1) Sale & Purchase Agreement;
2) CKHT form (form required to be submitted by Vendor and Purchaser to Inland Revenue Department) (now exempted)
3) Stamp Duty form;
4) Transfer form 14A. (If title is issued);
5) Deed of Assignment (if title is not issued).
5. The process involved in getting you registered as the owner of the property (in cases where title is issued)
1) Both seller and buyer sign transfer form 14A.
2) Lawyer sends transfer form to Stamp Office for adjudication to ascertain how much stamp duty is to be paid.
3) Stamp Office then stamps 'transfer form' for a nominal value of RM10.00 and returns transfer form to lawyer.
4) Stamp Office then informs Valuation Department of transaction. Valuation Department then values property and informs Stamp Office of valuation.
5) Stamp Office then issues PDS form to the lawyer. Buyer is normally given three (3) to four (4) weeks to pay stamp duty failing which, a penalty would be imposed.
6) Lawyer collects stamp duty from purchaser and proceeds to stamp transfer form. It may take about a week for the Stamp Office to return the lawyer the duly endorsed form. After stamping transfer form, lawyer presents the transfer form to the Land Registry/Office for registration. On presentation, you would be the registered owner of the property. However it may take several months (depending on which Land Office) before the physical title is returned by the Land Registry/Office. With the computerization process recently implemented in all Land Offices/ Registries in the country, the process is expected to be shortened.
If you obtain a loan from a bank to buy the property, the title would be sent to the bank. You should get a photocopy of the title from the lawyer for your record.
6. How is stamp duty calculated?
For the transfer/assignment (if no individual title is issued), based on the adjudicated value by the Stamp Office:
Amount charge (RM)
Percentage
Duty (RM)
On the First
100,000.00
1%
1,000.00
On the Following
400,000.00
2%
8,000.00
More than
500,000.00
3%
For Charge
Stamp duty on a Charge is RM5.00 per RM1,000/- or part thereof of the loan amount e.g. Loan of RM100,000/-, stamp duty is RM 500/- on the original. The stamp duty per copy of the document is RM10/-.
The assessed value is the value assessed by the Valuation Office based on the purchase price or the market value of the property, whichever is higher.
7. Appointment of Lawyers
1. You have the right to appoint a lawyer of your choice to act for you in any transaction whether it is a purchase from a developer or an individual. After all, legal fees etc, are borne by you. You should ascertain that:-
(a) he is a lawyer;
(b) that he has a valid practising certificate for the current year.
Verification of the above can be done with the Bar Council.
Each party to the transaction is advised to retain separate lawyers to protect their respective interests.
A lawyer can:
(a) advise, prepare and /or vet documents such as SPA, deed of assignment, deed of reassignment, deed of mutual covenants, deed of reassignment and loan document. However, the SPA for purchases of residential properties from a developer is a standard form agreement fixed by law;
(b) conduct land, bankruptcy/insolvency and company searches to ensure that there are no surprises, such as a different registered owner, encumbrances (charges, caveats), conditions or restrictions on the title (important for a buyer), or that a party is bankrupt/insolvent;
(c) if there is an individual title, to enter a private caveat to freeze all dealings in the property until it is transferred to the buyer;
(d) send documents/instruments to the Stamp Office for adjudication and arrange for their stamping;
(e) act as stakeholder, to hold all money paid, retain 5% of the purchase price for the purpose of Real Property Gains Tax; and/or to hold the balance of the purchase price;
(f) prepare and witness the execution of statutory forms;
(g) for a sub-sale where the individual title has not been issued, get the consent of the developer to the sale of the property to the new buyer and to undertake the registration of the property in the name of the new buyer. The lawyer should also get an undertaking from the developer not to further encumber the property, and for a development project with a master title, a letter of disclaimer from the chargee of the master title confirming no right or interest in the individual property;
(h) if the buyer takes a loan, get a letter of undertaking from the lender. The undertaking will include an undertaking that it will not foreclose the property if the loan, interest, etc has been repaid/paid; and
(i) present the transfer (Form 14A) and if applicable, the charge (Form 16A) for registration at the land office.
Can a lawyer act for the seller, buyer and the buyer's lender?
A lawyer may only act for one party in one transaction, but may witness the execution of any documents/instruments by any party. A sale and purchase is one transaction and a loan is another separate transaction. Therefore a lawyer can act for a seller or buyer, and also a lender or borrower. However, the solicitor concerned should have regard to any possible conflict of interest situation.
Lawyers are bound by the Solicitors' Remuneration Order 1991 (SRO) and there are scale fees for all conveyancing transactions and secured banking transactions done by a lawyer.
Lawyers are not allowed to give any discount. If any lawyer gives a discount on the scale fees, he could face disciplinary action.
There are fixed scales for lawyers' fees if you, as a seller or buyer, engage a lawyer. (stated herein is for fees only and does not include disbursements).
8. Lawyers' Fees
Click here for the scale of professional fees chargeable by lawyers.
9. House Seller's Guide
Documents/ information you must provide buyer/buyer's solicitors
(a) Copies of your previous Sale & Purchase Agreement and Loan Agreement/Title.
(b) Current year quit rent receipt.
(c) Current year assessment receipt.
(d) Redemption Statement from your bank (if you have charged your house to the bank).
(e) Letter of Undertaking to purchaser's bank to refund purchaser's bank loan released to you in the event the transfer/deed of assignment signed by you in favour of purchaser cannot be registered/is defective.
(f) Income Tax file reference number.
10. Utility deposits
Make sure you make arrangements with purchaser to obtain refund of the remaining deposits i.e. water, electricity, telephone etc.
11. For Apartments
Make sure you make arrangements to obtain the refund of deposits which you have paid the developer. You would be required to provide the necessary original receipts to obtain the refund.
12. Notification of Change of Ownership of House/Apartment to Local Authority i.e. Majlis Perbandaran.
You or your lawyer must notify the Local Authority of any change in the ownership of any house/apartment so that its assessment record could be updated. It is an offence if you fail to notify the relevant authority.
13. Receipt of Balance Purchase Price
Generally, there would be a short time lapse between the payment of the balance purchase price by the purchaser to your lawyer and the date when you receive the balance purchase price from your lawyer depending on the completion of documentation. Please seek clarification from your lawyer.
1. Does it have a separate title?
2. Take a photocopy of the title.
3. Get a photocopy of :-
(a) current quit rent receipt;
(b) current assessment receipt.
4. Make sure you deal with owner of house or his duly authorised agent. (such authority should be in writing). Any other person will not be able to make any binding commitment to you.
5.1. If the house/apartment does not have any title, then get evidence of the seller's ownership i.e. a copy of the Sale & Purchase Agreement (SPA) made by the seller with the developer when he purchased the house/apartment
5.2. If the seller is a Second/ Third hand owner, then he would have to give you:-
(a) 1st SPA made by 1st owner with developer;
(b) 2nd SPA made between 1st owner and seller, (if 2nd hand); and
(c) 3rd SPA between 2nd owner and 3rd owner seller, (if 3rd hand).
as proof that the seller is the owner of the house/apartment.
6. Did the seller take a loan to buy the property?
For most cases, the answer is "yes". In such a case, you should get the seller to provide you with the bank's statement of how much he still owes the bank (redemption statement). With the redemption statement, you would know how much money you can release to the seller and how much is to be paid to his bank to obtain a discharge of the property from the bank.
2. Information relevant to apartment
1) Maintenance and other charges that need to be paid to developer/management committee. You should check that seller is up to date with his payments and there are no arrears due to developer/management committee.
2) If the apartment has no strata title, the purchaser must notify the Developer of the assignment after the completion of the sale.
3. Housing Schemes that are developed by Statutory bodies e.g. Penang Development Corporation (PDC), Perda, PKNS, etc
1) The SPA of such schemes may have restriction on the buyer selling the property i.e. it could not be sold within a stipulated period or without the consent of the government.
2) The title to the property may have restrictions. (the restrictions could be read from the title or search of the title) e.g. property cannot be transferred or charged without State consent.
3) The consent application may take a few months to be approved.
4. Documents you need to sign
1) Sale & Purchase Agreement;
2) CKHT form (form required to be submitted by Vendor and Purchaser to Inland Revenue Department) (now exempted)
3) Stamp Duty form;
4) Transfer form 14A. (If title is issued);
5) Deed of Assignment (if title is not issued).
5. The process involved in getting you registered as the owner of the property (in cases where title is issued)
1) Both seller and buyer sign transfer form 14A.
2) Lawyer sends transfer form to Stamp Office for adjudication to ascertain how much stamp duty is to be paid.
3) Stamp Office then stamps 'transfer form' for a nominal value of RM10.00 and returns transfer form to lawyer.
4) Stamp Office then informs Valuation Department of transaction. Valuation Department then values property and informs Stamp Office of valuation.
5) Stamp Office then issues PDS form to the lawyer. Buyer is normally given three (3) to four (4) weeks to pay stamp duty failing which, a penalty would be imposed.
6) Lawyer collects stamp duty from purchaser and proceeds to stamp transfer form. It may take about a week for the Stamp Office to return the lawyer the duly endorsed form. After stamping transfer form, lawyer presents the transfer form to the Land Registry/Office for registration. On presentation, you would be the registered owner of the property. However it may take several months (depending on which Land Office) before the physical title is returned by the Land Registry/Office. With the computerization process recently implemented in all Land Offices/ Registries in the country, the process is expected to be shortened.
If you obtain a loan from a bank to buy the property, the title would be sent to the bank. You should get a photocopy of the title from the lawyer for your record.
6. How is stamp duty calculated?
For the transfer/assignment (if no individual title is issued), based on the adjudicated value by the Stamp Office:
Amount charge (RM)
Percentage
Duty (RM)
On the First
100,000.00
1%
1,000.00
On the Following
400,000.00
2%
8,000.00
More than
500,000.00
3%
For Charge
Stamp duty on a Charge is RM5.00 per RM1,000/- or part thereof of the loan amount e.g. Loan of RM100,000/-, stamp duty is RM 500/- on the original. The stamp duty per copy of the document is RM10/-.
The assessed value is the value assessed by the Valuation Office based on the purchase price or the market value of the property, whichever is higher.
7. Appointment of Lawyers
1. You have the right to appoint a lawyer of your choice to act for you in any transaction whether it is a purchase from a developer or an individual. After all, legal fees etc, are borne by you. You should ascertain that:-
(a) he is a lawyer;
(b) that he has a valid practising certificate for the current year.
Verification of the above can be done with the Bar Council.
Each party to the transaction is advised to retain separate lawyers to protect their respective interests.
A lawyer can:
(a) advise, prepare and /or vet documents such as SPA, deed of assignment, deed of reassignment, deed of mutual covenants, deed of reassignment and loan document. However, the SPA for purchases of residential properties from a developer is a standard form agreement fixed by law;
(b) conduct land, bankruptcy/insolvency and company searches to ensure that there are no surprises, such as a different registered owner, encumbrances (charges, caveats), conditions or restrictions on the title (important for a buyer), or that a party is bankrupt/insolvent;
(c) if there is an individual title, to enter a private caveat to freeze all dealings in the property until it is transferred to the buyer;
(d) send documents/instruments to the Stamp Office for adjudication and arrange for their stamping;
(e) act as stakeholder, to hold all money paid, retain 5% of the purchase price for the purpose of Real Property Gains Tax; and/or to hold the balance of the purchase price;
(f) prepare and witness the execution of statutory forms;
(g) for a sub-sale where the individual title has not been issued, get the consent of the developer to the sale of the property to the new buyer and to undertake the registration of the property in the name of the new buyer. The lawyer should also get an undertaking from the developer not to further encumber the property, and for a development project with a master title, a letter of disclaimer from the chargee of the master title confirming no right or interest in the individual property;
(h) if the buyer takes a loan, get a letter of undertaking from the lender. The undertaking will include an undertaking that it will not foreclose the property if the loan, interest, etc has been repaid/paid; and
(i) present the transfer (Form 14A) and if applicable, the charge (Form 16A) for registration at the land office.
Can a lawyer act for the seller, buyer and the buyer's lender?
A lawyer may only act for one party in one transaction, but may witness the execution of any documents/instruments by any party. A sale and purchase is one transaction and a loan is another separate transaction. Therefore a lawyer can act for a seller or buyer, and also a lender or borrower. However, the solicitor concerned should have regard to any possible conflict of interest situation.
Lawyers are bound by the Solicitors' Remuneration Order 1991 (SRO) and there are scale fees for all conveyancing transactions and secured banking transactions done by a lawyer.
Lawyers are not allowed to give any discount. If any lawyer gives a discount on the scale fees, he could face disciplinary action.
There are fixed scales for lawyers' fees if you, as a seller or buyer, engage a lawyer. (stated herein is for fees only and does not include disbursements).
8. Lawyers' Fees
Click here for the scale of professional fees chargeable by lawyers.
9. House Seller's Guide
Documents/ information you must provide buyer/buyer's solicitors
(a) Copies of your previous Sale & Purchase Agreement and Loan Agreement/Title.
(b) Current year quit rent receipt.
(c) Current year assessment receipt.
(d) Redemption Statement from your bank (if you have charged your house to the bank).
(e) Letter of Undertaking to purchaser's bank to refund purchaser's bank loan released to you in the event the transfer/deed of assignment signed by you in favour of purchaser cannot be registered/is defective.
(f) Income Tax file reference number.
10. Utility deposits
Make sure you make arrangements with purchaser to obtain refund of the remaining deposits i.e. water, electricity, telephone etc.
11. For Apartments
Make sure you make arrangements to obtain the refund of deposits which you have paid the developer. You would be required to provide the necessary original receipts to obtain the refund.
12. Notification of Change of Ownership of House/Apartment to Local Authority i.e. Majlis Perbandaran.
You or your lawyer must notify the Local Authority of any change in the ownership of any house/apartment so that its assessment record could be updated. It is an offence if you fail to notify the relevant authority.
13. Receipt of Balance Purchase Price
Generally, there would be a short time lapse between the payment of the balance purchase price by the purchaser to your lawyer and the date when you receive the balance purchase price from your lawyer depending on the completion of documentation. Please seek clarification from your lawyer.
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